Card won't post, no signal to the monitor, system doesn't even detect the GPU. Sometimes the card is dead. Often it isn't. We work through the bench diagnosis to find out which.
A no-display GPU can look identical to a no-display PSU, a dead motherboard PCIe lane, or even just a bad cable. Three checks worth doing first:
If all of that is ruled out and the system still doesn't see the card, the fault is on the GPU side and a bench diagnosis is the next step.
At the bench, "no display" is a starting point, not a conclusion. The GPU is a small computer of its own, and there are several places the boot process can fail without ever getting as far as outputting a picture. The diagnostic process tries to find which one.
We work through the GPU's power rails first. The card has its own onboard voltage regulators (the VRM, the power stage) that step down the 12V from the PSU into the various voltages the GPU and VRAM actually run on. If any of those rails are missing or wrong, the card can't post. Blown MOSFETs in the power stage are a common, repairable cause of a "dead" card.
From there, the PCIe link itself. The card and the motherboard have to negotiate a PCIe handshake before the GPU comes up, and damage to the PCIe edge connector or to the supporting components nearby can prevent that. This is also bench- repairable in most cases.
Only after power and PCIe are confirmed do we look at the GPU core itself, which is where BGA reflow comes into the picture for some cases.
Sometimes the diagnosis turns up damage that puts the card past economical repair. Severely damaged substrates, multiple failed components stacked on top of each other, or evidence of a previous failed repair attempt are the most common examples. When that's what we find, you get a written explanation of what we saw so the diagnostic process is at least informative even when the outcome isn't a working card.
If your card is showing visual artifacts rather than no display at all, see our GPU artifacting and VRAM repair page instead.
Bench testing of the GPU's power-stage rails and PCIe power inputs to identify whether the card is receiving and converting power correctly.
Diagnosis of the PCIe link between the GPU and the host system, including the PCIe connector and the early-boot handshake signals.
Physical and electrical inspection of HDMI, DisplayPort, and DVI outputs on the GPU bracket for damage that can mimic a dead-card symptom.
Once power and signal paths are confirmed, assessment of whether the GPU die itself has failed or whether the fault is upstream of the GPU.
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